Green bonds are financial instruments that finance green projects and provide investors with regular or fixed income payments. Over the last 14 years, green bonds have become an important tool to address the impacts of climate change and related challenges. Clean water and food security are at risk in the world today and about 1 million of the ...European green bonds . A standard for Europe, open to the world . OVERVIEW . Green bonds are committed to financing or re-financing investments, projects, expenditure or assets helping to address climate and environmental issues . Both governments and companies use them to finance the transition to a more sustainable and low-carbon economy. Green Bond Principles, 2014 Voluntary Process Guidelines for Issuing Green Bonds January 13, 2014 I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Green Bonds enable capital-raising and investment for new and existing projects with environmental benefits. Recent activity indicates that the market for Green Bonds is developing rapidly.European green bonds . A standard for Europe, open to the world . OVERVIEW . Green bonds are committed to financing or re-financing investments, projects, expenditure or assets helping to address climate and environmental issues . Both governments and companies use them to finance the transition to a more sustainable and low-carbon economy.characteristics as the green bonds. Vanilla bonds were issued at some point in Q2 but not necessarily on the same day as the corresponding green bond. Summary statistics of baskets are on pages 14 and 15. USD green bonds are as oversubscribed as comparable baskets EUR green bonds are slightly more oversubscribed than the market average 2.days, green bonds had, on average, tightened more than matched indices and baskets. • Green bond ETFs reported another period of growth and by the end of H1 2021, total fund assets stood at USD1.2bn (EUR1bn). • In H1 2021, the EUR or USD denominated green bonds of five sovereign issuers were added to the Climate Bonds Green Bond Database. green bonds until the difference between the yield on green bonds and the yield on con- ventional bonds exceeds 0.47%. In Model 2, including the seven explanatory variables, the mean WTP was 0.47%.We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us.Mitteilung an die Anteilinhaber des Fonds All Properties K 701 ISIN: LU0270178949 / WKN: A0LCBH Die Anteilinhaber des Fonds, der durch die von der Heydt Invest SA („Verwaltungsgesellschaft“) verwaltet wird, werden wie folgt über die Beschlüsse des Liquidators vom 29. April 2021 informiert: 1. Global green bond market size: • Cumulative issuance since 2007: USD521bn • USA leading with USD118.6bn, followed by China (USD77.5bn) and France (USD56.7bn) • 2018 issuance: USD167.6bnA (2017: USD162.1bn) 2018 labelled bond market size • B USD167.6bn green bonds, which meet the CBI green bond database screening criteria Aug 7, 2015 · 2020:US$1 trillion. Page 3. Green Bonds. • Green bonds are fixed income (debt) financial instruments that are applied exclusively towards projects with significant environmental benefits. 3. T0: Bond issuer receives principal. T1 to TMaturity: Bond issuer pays coupon on the bond at pre-determined intervals. European green bonds . A standard for Europe, open to the world . OVERVIEW . Green bonds are committed to financing or re-financing investments, projects, expenditure or assets helping to address climate and environmental issues . Both governments and companies use them to finance the transition to a more sustainable and low-carbon economy. Overall, EUR green bonds tightened by 11bps compared to 9.1bps for a vanilla cohort. USD green bonds tightened by 12.1 bps, compared to 10.2bps for vanilla bonds. See more on page 3 Oversubscription was 2.5x for USD green bonds compared to 1.5x for vanilla bonds. EUR green bonds achieved 2.7x, same as market Corporate green bonds in both currencies • Includes 61 green bonds from 52 issuers with a combined face value of USD56.6bn issued in H1 (Q1-Q2) 2019 • EUR green bonds achieved larger book cover, and greater spread compression than vanilla equivalents, on average • USD green bonds were similar to vanilla equivalents, on average • Two thirds of green bonds in our sample priced issues first corporate Green Bond –this has a dynamic impact on market 2015–United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 2018–ICMAupdates and revises its Green Bond Principles 31 December 2018 –Green Bond issuance in 2018 hits USD 167.3 billion January 2019 –Green Bond issuance in 2019 estimated at USD 250 billionThe green bond market is only a decade old, but already well established. It amounts to about USD 500 billion globally. In order to define what is a green bond, several green bonds standards co-exist with a number of guidance documents having been developed by financial market regulators and being used by the financial industry at large. To ... Feb 7, 2022 · Type structure of green projects financed by the WB in 2015-2020 fiscal years, % Source: Compiled based on the World Bank Green Bond Impact Report 2015-2020. Figures - available via license ... We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us.Abstract and Figures. The green bond market is emerging as an impactful financing mechanism in climate change mitigation efforts. The effectiveness of the financial market for this transition to a ...Trilogue discussions are beginning between the co-legislators to determine a final text for the Regulation on European green bonds. We strongly support the progress towards a consensus on a voluntary standard, as well as potentially on grandfathering of Technical Screening Criteria of the Taxonomy for the EuGB label. Abstract and Figures. The green bond market is emerging as an impactful financing mechanism in climate change mitigation efforts. The effectiveness of the financial market for this transition to a ...301 Moved Permanently. openrestyMarui Group Green Bond 2 Introduction Marui Group Co., Ltd. has developed a Green Bond Framework (the “framework”) under which it is planning issuing green bonds and use the proceeds to finance and refinance expenditures related to renewable energy, energy efficiency and renewable power generation.2019 emerging market green bond issuance rose from. 21% to $52bn with China the largest issuer (Amundi-. countries are facing some challenges such as political in-. stabilities, the quality and ...Type of Green Bond: Certified Climate Bonds Program Issue Dates: 2017 & 2019 Issuance Amounts: $471 million & $419 million Funding Type: project bond Case Studies 27 To facilitate the bond issuance and verification process, Metro developed a framework in conformance with CBI requirements and existing sustainability and climate change commit- ments. Mitteilung an die Anteilinhaber des Fonds All Properties K 701 ISIN: LU0270178949 / WKN: A0LCBH Die Anteilinhaber des Fonds, der durch die von der Heydt Invest SA („Verwaltungsgesellschaft“) verwaltet wird, werden wie folgt über die Beschlüsse des Liquidators vom 29. April 2021 informiert: 1. Green bond definition. A green bond is a fixed-income investment used to finance environmental and sustainable projects. Green bonds can be issued by governments, organizations and companies ...There is a need to cut down CO2 emissions by at least 45% by the year 2030 to attain a net zero. There is a need around the globe for a wide ranging shift to a low carbon foot print economy with a ...This bond ensures the selected bidder will execute the contract and provide performance and payment bonds. A312–2010 , Performance Bond and Payment Bond This contract contains two bonds that cover the contractor’s performance and the contractor’s obligation to pay subcontractors and others for materials and labor.Overall, EUR green bonds tightened by 11bps compared to 9.1bps for a vanilla cohort. USD green bonds tightened by 12.1 bps, compared to 10.2bps for vanilla bonds. See more on page 3 Oversubscription was 2.5x for USD green bonds compared to 1.5x for vanilla bonds. EUR green bonds achieved 2.7x, same as market Corporate green bonds in both currenciesWe would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us.The market for green bonds is growing exponentially. Green bonds have a positive environmental impact and support the world's sustainability projects. The market for green bonds is surging.Global green bond market size: • Cumulative issuance since 2007: USD521bn • USA leading with USD118.6bn, followed by China (USD77.5bn) and France (USD56.7bn) • 2018 issuance: USD167.6bnA (2017: USD162.1bn) 2018 labelled bond market size • B USD167.6bn green bonds, which meet the CBI green bond database screening criteria Regardless of structure, green bonds have generally been issued pursuant to a set of voluntary guidelines or framework known as the Green Bond Principles2. The Green Bond Principles include criteria for the use of proceeds, the issuer’s process for project evaluation, the management of proceeds, and reporting on a periodic basis.2. Änderung der Methode zur Berechnung des Gesamtengagements für Pictet -EUR Short Term Corporate Bonds Die Methode zur Berechnung des Gesamtengagements von Pictet-EUR Short Term Corporate Bonds wechselt vom relativen Value-at-Risk („VaR“)-Ansatz zum absoluten VaR-Ansatz.Anteilinhaber beschlossen wurde. Die Auszahlung an die Anteilinhaber erfolgt in folgender Höhe: von der Heydt Umbrella – TOP FLOW FUND A LU0401461305 51,08 EUR je Anteil Die Auszahlung sowie die vollständige Liquidation erfolgt voraussichtlich mit Valuta 9. Dezember 2021. Die letzte offizielle Fondspreisermittlung des Teilfonds erfolgte zum 15.MITTEILUNG AN DIE ANTEILINHABER – 30. JUNI 2020 Mitteilung an die Anteilinhaber des: Generali Investments SICAV – Euro Covered Bond (der „aufgenommene Teilfonds“) WICHTIG: DIESES SCHREIBEN ERFORDERT IHRE SOFORTIGE AUFMERKSAMKEIT. WENN SIE FRAGEN ZUM INHALT DIESES SCHREIBENS HABEN, SOLLTEN SIE UNABHÄNGIGEN PROFESSIONELLEN RAT EINHOLEN. 30. A green bond is a fixed-income debt instrument whose returns are only applied to qualified green projects. It authorizes investment and capital-raising for current and new environmentally beneficial plans. As per its definition, the sovereign green bond market framework certainly incorporates adjusting to and reducing the climate crisis.This page shows some additional information and resources that may be useful to partners. Green Bond Funds - PAGE UPDATE IN PROGRESS The list below shows some of the green bond funds which have public information available. The list is not exhaustive but we aim to keep it up to date. Please contact [email protected] to be included in the list or to update information. Fund Manager ... supply of green assets – most notably green infrastructure – and green investors who have emerged as a new and rapidly expanding investor class. However, sub-Saharan Africa is not actively participating in these trends. To date, there have only been 16 bond issuances, representing only 1.5% of total global bonds by number and less than Dec 8, 2021 · Green bonds are financial instruments that finance green projects and provide investors with regular or fixed income payments. Over the last 14 years, green bonds have become an important tool to address the impacts of climate change and related challenges. Clean water and food security are at risk in the world today and about 1 million of the ... project bonds. Green bonds play an important role in tapping the financial markets to aid in the transition to a low-carbon economy. However, since green bonds are self-identified by the issuer, market participants require transparency around the use of proceeds and a standardized way to evaluate the impact of the investments.supply of green assets – most notably green infrastructure – and green investors who have emerged as a new and rapidly expanding investor class. However, sub-Saharan Africa is not actively participating in these trends. To date, there have only been 16 bond issuances, representing only 1.5% of total global bonds by number and less thanMay 1, 2023 · You can call us from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. ET, Monday through Friday. Please expect long wait times if you need an agent. Estimated processing times for cases you send by mail: Cashing a savings bond held in your name, at least 7 weeks. Claims for missing, lost, or stolen bonds, at least 6 months. Other cases, at least 20 weeks. Green Bond Pricing in the Primary Market: July - December 2019 2 Introduction This is the ninth report in our pricing series, in which we observe how green bonds perform in the primary markets. This report includes bonds issued in the latter six months of 2019 (H2 2019). Our methodology is designed to capture the most liquid portion of the ... • Includes 61 green bonds from 52 issuers with a combined face value of USD56.6bn issued in H1 (Q1-Q2) 2019 • EUR green bonds achieved larger book cover, and greater spread compression than vanilla equivalents, on average • USD green bonds were similar to vanilla equivalents, on average • Two thirds of green bonds in our sample priced Green bonds (or climate bonds) are one of the most used sustainable investment instruments, and under the Paris Climate Agreement of 2015, the climate bond market is expected to thrive in the near future. Green bonds are gaining increasing popularity between environmentally responsible investors, as well as investors who “simply” attempt to benefit from portfolio diversification, including ...Jeder Anteilinhaber erhält neun (9) zusätzliche Anteile je gehaltenem Anteil. Anteilinhaber erhalten eine Mitteilung der Registrier- und Transferstelle über die Zahl der zum entsprechenden registrierten Konto im Zuge des Splits hinzugefügten Anteile. Ab dem 13. Januar 2017 wird der Subfonds mit dem nach dem Split Overall, EUR green bonds tightened by 11bps compared to 9.1bps for a vanilla cohort. USD green bonds tightened by 12.1 bps, compared to 10.2bps for vanilla bonds. See more on page 3 Oversubscription was 2.5x for USD green bonds compared to 1.5x for vanilla bonds. EUR green bonds achieved 2.7x, same as market Corporate green bonds in both currenciesgreen bond in Africa in 2019, raising NGN 15 billion (c. US$41 million).6 Kenya • A major destination for investment in renewable energy and a leader in the development of a green bonds market in the East African region. • Launched a three-year green bond capacity building programme in 2017 (Green Bonds Programme Kenya).7 Negotiators of the Council and the European Parliament reached a provisional agreement on the creation of European green bonds (EuGB). The new standard which we are setting will be useful for both issuers and investors of green bonds. Issuers will be able to demonstrate that they are funding legitimate green projects aligned with the EU taxonomy.We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us.Global green bond market size: • Cumulative issuance since 2007: USD521bn • USA leading with USD118.6bn, followed by China (USD77.5bn) and France (USD56.7bn) • 2018 issuance: USD167.6bnA (2017: USD162.1bn) 2018 labelled bond market size • B USD167.6bn green bonds, which meet the CBI green bond database screening criteriaA green bond is a fixed-income debt instrument whose returns are only applied to qualified green projects. It authorizes investment and capital-raising for current and new environmentally beneficial plans. As per its definition, the sovereign green bond market framework certainly incorporates adjusting to and reducing the climate crisis. issuance of US$13 billion in Green Bonds over more than a decade. This new instrument we helped create has revolutionized the way investors value sustainability in capital markets by bringing climate considerations to the heart of financial decisions. These investors have a critical role to play in realizing a low- characteristics as the green bonds. Vanilla bonds were issued at some point in Q2 but not necessarily on the same day as the corresponding green bond. Summary statistics of baskets are on pages 14 and 15. USD green bonds are as oversubscribed as comparable baskets EUR green bonds are slightly more oversubscribed than the market average 2. Corporate green bonds have become increasingly popular in recent years—Morgan Stanley refers to this evolution as the “green bond boom” (Morgan Stanley, 2017). Corporate green bonds were essentially inexistent prior to 2013. In that year, the total issuance of corporate green bonds was about $3B. Green finance is any structured financial activity that’s been created to ensure a better environmental outcome. The value of green bonds traded could soon hit $2.36 trillion. The European Central Bank is getting heavily involved in green finance. The top three green bond issuers are the US, China and France.This page shows some additional information and resources that may be useful to partners. Green Bond Funds - PAGE UPDATE IN PROGRESS The list below shows some of the green bond funds which have public information available. The list is not exhaustive but we aim to keep it up to date. Please contact [email protected] to be included in the list or to update information. Fund Manager ... 301 Moved Permanently. openrestyGlobal green bond and green loan issuance reached USD257.7bn in 2019, marking a new global record. The total is up by 51% on the final 2018 figure of USD170.6bn. Of the total, USD10bn (4%) are green loans. For inclusion, at least 95% of proceeds must be dedicated to green assets or projects aligned with the Climate Bonds Taxonomy. green bond in Africa in 2019, raising NGN 15 billion (c. US$41 million).6 Kenya • A major destination for investment in renewable energy and a leader in the development of a green bonds market in the East African region. • Launched a three-year green bond capacity building programme in 2017 (Green Bonds Programme Kenya).7 Jeder Anteilinhaber erhält neun (9) zusätzliche Anteile je gehaltenem Anteil. Anteilinhaber erhalten eine Mitteilung der Registrier- und Transferstelle über die Zahl der zum entsprechenden registrierten Konto im Zuge des Splits hinzugefügten Anteile. Ab dem 13. Januar 2017 wird der Subfonds mit dem nach dem SplitThe government provides incentives to the bondholder in order to increase the amount invested in green bonds. These incentives are, optimally, indexed on the prices of the bonds, their quadratic ...Year 2014 Green Bonds Final Report; Jan 15, 2015. Please note these figures exclude certain labeled green bonds that do not meet green bond standards, as judged by the CBI. Measurement of green bond activity tends to vary somewhat from source to source, based on differing standards of “green.” The World Bank is a key promoter of green bonds as a means to raise awareness about today’s pressing environmental challenges and the value of increased transparency on the use of proceeds for social and environmentally oriented investments. The Bank has issued over 140 green bonds in 19 currencies totalling USD 11 billion (as of July 2018).MITTEILUNG AN DIE ANTEILINHABER – 25. AUGUST 2020 Luxemburg, 25. August 2020 Sehr geehrte Anteilinhaberin, sehr geehrter Anteilinhaber, Sie erhalten diese Mitteilung als Anteilinhaber des Fonds. Sie ist wichtig und erfordert Ihre sofortige Aufmerksamkeit. Falls Sie Zweifel bezüglich der erforderlichen Maßnahmen haben, supply of green assets – most notably green infrastructure – and green investors who have emerged as a new and rapidly expanding investor class. However, sub-Saharan Africa is not actively participating in these trends. To date, there have only been 16 bond issuances, representing only 1.5% of total global bonds by number and less thanWir informieren Sie über die Entscheidung der Verwaltungsgesellschaft, den Mindestanteil der Investitionen in Aktivitäten, die mit der Europäischen Taxonomie konform sind, für die unten aufgeführten Fonds anzupassen: Diese Änderung tritt am 30. Mai 2023 in Kraft.Die Anteilinhaber des Teilfonds CROWD - pikonstant, der durch die von der Heydt Invest SA („Verwaltungsgesellschaft“) verwaltet wird, werden wie folgt über die Beschlüsse des Liquidators vom 15. April 2021 informiert: Teilauszahlung an die Anteilinhaber des Teilfonds Aug 31, 2023 · Over the last decade, green bonds issuance has increased exponentially, reaching a value of nearly 500 billion U.S. dollars worldwide in 2022 alone and becoming a key instrument to hedge climate ... Green bonds have risen to be the mainstream sustainable financeinstrument in the market. Since the firstgreen bond was issued in 2007 by the European Investment Bank, the green bond market has ballooned into a market with cumulative issuance of US$ 1.6 trillion. Green bonds issuance in 2021 grew by 75% from the previous year,green bond in Africa in 2019, raising NGN 15 billion (c. US$41 million).6 Kenya • A major destination for investment in renewable energy and a leader in the development of a green bonds market in the East African region. • Launched a three-year green bond capacity building programme in 2017 (Green Bonds Programme Kenya).7Global green bond market size: • Cumulative issuance since 2007: USD521bn • USA leading with USD118.6bn, followed by China (USD77.5bn) and France (USD56.7bn) • 2018 issuance: USD167.6bnA (2017: USD162.1bn) 2018 labelled bond market size • B USD167.6bn green bonds, which meet the CBI green bond database screening criteriaits fourth annual Green Bonds America conference in New York. In this article, we attempt to answer a few questions: What exactly are Green Bonds? Are they truly a new way to finance infrastructure? What value do Green Bonds provide municipal borrowers? We will also offer our own assessment on the benefits of the Green Bond label. What exactly are Global green bond market size: • Cumulative issuance since 2007: USD521bn • USA leading with USD118.6bn, followed by China (USD77.5bn) and France (USD56.7bn) • 2018 issuance: USD167.6bnA (2017: USD162.1bn) 2018 labelled bond market size • B USD167.6bn green bonds, which meet the CBI green bond database screening criteriaFurther, the final Sovereign Green Bonds Framework of India has now been approved. The Framework for Sovereign Green Bonds by the Government of India has been designed to comply with all the four components and key recommendations of the International Capital Market Association (ICMA) Green Bond Principles (2021).This page shows some additional information and resources that may be useful to partners. Green Bond Funds - PAGE UPDATE IN PROGRESS The list below shows some of the green bond funds which have public information available. The list is not exhaustive but we aim to keep it up to date. Please contact [email protected] to be included in the list or to update information. Fund Manager ... Green bond definition. A green bond is a fixed-income investment used to finance environmental and sustainable projects. Green bonds can be issued by governments, organizations and companies ...
MITTEILUNG AN DIE ANTEILINHABER – 25. AUGUST 2020 Luxemburg, 25. August 2020 Sehr geehrte Anteilinhaberin, sehr geehrter Anteilinhaber, Sie erhalten diese Mitteilung als Anteilinhaber des Fonds. Sie ist wichtig und erfordert Ihre sofortige Aufmerksamkeit. Falls Sie Zweifel bezüglich der erforderlichen Maßnahmen haben,. Piu venduti
Aug 31, 2023 · Over the last decade, green bonds issuance has increased exponentially, reaching a value of nearly 500 billion U.S. dollars worldwide in 2022 alone and becoming a key instrument to hedge climate ... Alignment with Green Bond Principles 2018 Sustainalytics has determined that the Banco Atlántida green bond aligns to the four core components of the Green Bond Principles, 2018. For detailed information please refer to Appendix 1: Green Bond/Green Bond Programme External Review Form. Section 2: Sustainability Performance of the Issuersupply of green assets – most notably green infrastructure – and green investors who have emerged as a new and rapidly expanding investor class. However, sub-Saharan Africa is not actively participating in these trends. To date, there have only been 16 bond issuances, representing only 1.5% of total global bonds by number and less than Mitteilung an die Anteilinhaber des Fonds All Properties K 701 ISIN: LU0270178949 / WKN: A0LCBH Die Anteilinhaber des Fonds, der durch die von der Heydt Invest SA („Verwaltungsgesellschaft“) verwaltet wird, werden wie folgt über die Beschlüsse des Liquidators vom 29. April 2021 informiert: 1. Green bonds are financial instruments that finance green projects and provide investors with regular or fixed income payments. Over the last 14 years, green bonds have become an important tool to address the impacts of climate change and related challenges. Clean water and food security are at risk in the world today and about 1 million of the ...H1 2020 green bond issuance highlights Green bonds, loans and sukuk included in the Climate Bonds database for H1 2020 are down 26% year-on-year, reaching a total volume of USD91.6bn. For inclusion, at least 95% of proceeds must be dedicated to green assets or projects aligned with the Climate Bonds Taxonomy. The pandemic and market turmoil We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us.Jul 4, 2020 · Abstract. Green Bond is just like any other bond but has been differentiated with a green label. This green label is not just a label but a non-verbal assurance of commitment and the commitment is ... Nov 4, 2021 · Green bonds (or climate bonds) are one of the most used sustainable investment instruments, and under the Paris Climate Agreement of 2015, the climate bond market is expected to thrive in the near future. Green bonds are gaining increasing popularity between environmentally responsible investors, as well as investors who “simply” attempt to benefit from portfolio diversification, including ... Green Bond Market Summary Q3 2020 Climate Bonds Initiative 3 Listing venue league table In Q1-Q3 2020, USD115.6bn worth of green bonds were listed on various stock exchanges, representing 69% of the total green bond issuance for the period (USD166.7bn). In the league table above, we have grouped venues by stock exchange group, where applicable. green bond in Africa in 2019, raising NGN 15 billion (c. US$41 million).6 Kenya • A major destination for investment in renewable energy and a leader in the development of a green bonds market in the East African region. • Launched a three-year green bond capacity building programme in 2017 (Green Bonds Programme Kenya).7 investing in green bonds when requested to do so, and may be more cost-effective. A variety of forms of green bond certificat ion have emerged, which all aim at ensuring that the use of funds and subsequent revenue is tied to green investment (Table 1). The ICMA Green Bond Principles are so-ca lled “voluntary proces s guidelines” thatissuance of US$13 billion in Green Bonds over more than a decade. This new instrument we helped create has revolutionized the way investors value sustainability in capital markets by bringing climate considerations to the heart of financial decisions. These investors have a critical role to play in realizing a low- Regardless of structure, green bonds have generally been issued pursuant to a set of voluntary guidelines or framework known as the Green Bond Principles2. The Green Bond Principles include criteria for the use of proceeds, the issuer’s process for project evaluation, the management of proceeds, and reporting on a periodic basis. The first social bond originating from India was priced in 2018 and with a second bond in 2021, the category now stands at USD548m across two deals from two issuers. The record year also saw the introduction of a sustainability bond (USD600m) as well as SLBs (USD1.2bn) in the Indian market. NB: SLBs are performance-linked instruments World Bank Green Bonds are an opportunity to invest in climate solutions through a high quality credit fixed income product. The triple-A credit quality of the Green Bonds is the same as for any other World Bank bonds. Positive environmental returns by supporting World Bank projects addressing mitigation and adaptation solutions for climate change.May 1, 2023 · You can call us from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. ET, Monday through Friday. Please expect long wait times if you need an agent. Estimated processing times for cases you send by mail: Cashing a savings bond held in your name, at least 7 weeks. Claims for missing, lost, or stolen bonds, at least 6 months. Other cases, at least 20 weeks. .