1.1 THE NOTION OF PUBLISH OR PERISH. ‘Publish or perish’ (POP) is a phrase that describes the pressure put on academics to publish in scholarly journals rapidly and continually as a condition for employment (finding a job), promotion, and even maintaining one’s job. In the Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable, ‘publish or perish’ is ...Oct 20, 2016 · Thucydides views Pericles’ style of leadership as critical to the success of Athens’ war effort, and attributes Athens’ eventual defeat to their failure to heed Pericles’ advice after his untimely death. [8] For these reasons, it is easy to view the account of Pericles’ Funeral Oration as glorifying its giver and celebrating the ... According to the Wikipedia, «Publish or perish» can be defined as «a phrase coined to describe the pressure in academia to rapidly and continually publish academic work to sustain or further one's career». While it sounds rather innocent, it is well-known that a publication in an academic journal is essential for every scientist.Fifth-century Athens. Fifth-century Athens is the Greek city-state of Athens in the time from 480 to 404 BC. Formerly known as the Golden Age of Athens, the later part being the Age of Pericles, it was buoyed by political hegemony, economic growth and cultural flourishing. The period began in 478 BC, after the defeat of the Persian invasion ...The Parthenon is considered the most important surviving building of classical Greece and the zenith of Doric Order architecture. It is a former temple on the Athenian Acropolis dedicated to the patron goddess of Athens, Athena. Construction began on the Parthenon in 447 BCE, when the Athenian Empire was at its peak. Terms in this set (18) Identify the similarities and differences between the Iliad and the Odyssey. Both the Iliad and the Odyssey were written by Homer as well Homer used the trojan war in these epic poems. Although the Odyssey focuses on the hero's journey home and the Iliad focuses on the hero's actions that led to disaster but both epic ... dialectic. can be defined as a debate. intended to resolve a conflict between. two contradictory (or polar opposites), or apparently contradictory ideas or. elements logically, establishing truths. on both sides rather than disproving one argument. sophists. Greek teachers of philosophy, reasoning, and public speaking. Equality before the law, also known as equality under the law, equality in the eyes of the law, legal equality, or legal egalitarianism, is the principle that all people must be equally protected by the law. [1] The principle requires a systematic rule of law that observes due process to provide equal justice, and requires equal protection ...The maintenance/strength of self is a very core concept in Western psychology and is particularly relevant to egoism, a process that draws on the hedonic principle in pursuit of desires. Contrary to this and based on Buddhism, a nonself-cultivating process aims to minimize or extinguish the self and avoid desires, leading to egolessness or selflessness. The purpose of this paper is to present ...May 5, 2013 · The chronotope has proved to be a valuable tool of literary analysis, despite the fact that it is far from clear what Bakhtin actually meant by the concept, and that consequently it has been understood and used in a wide range of different ways. Bakhtin does not use the term ‘chronotope’ before the mid-1930s. Step 1: Determine your value metric. A “value metric” is essentially what you charge for. For example: per seat, per 1,000 visits, per CPA, per GB used, per transaction, etc. If you get everything else wrong in pricing, but you get your value metric right, you'll do ok. It's that important.A decent-looking or polite person can turn out to be rude. Similarly, a rough, scary individual can in reality, be a loving kindhearted kindergarten teacher. This appearance vs. reality theme is prevalent in literature as well. Here are a few famous examples that will help understand the concept better. HamletMay 20, 2022 · The ancient Greeks were the first to create a democracy. The word “ democracy ” comes from two Greek words that mean people ( demos) and rule ( kratos ). Democracy is the idea that the citizens of a country should take an active role in the government of their country and manage it directly or through elected representatives. Rep Power: 14. Hi , I just read the concept of DPM particle parcels and trying to understand it. Does it means that each parcel represents many particles (one is being tracked and others are just psuedo). If that is the case then how many particles are there in the parcel and can the user change the number of particles in one parcel.Mar 3, 2014 · But above all, it is the concept of the City, at the same time an ideal utopian model and a concrete social construct, that provides the key to Plato’s “demographic” thought. Faced with the fundamental problem of power and justice, Plato proposes as a solution the restoration of harmony between the City as a political entity and the ... The key locus for thinking about Pericles as a utopian thinker/statesman is the Funeral Oration that he delivers in Book 2 of Thucydides’ History (2.35–46). 24 I am not the first to apply the concept of utopia to the heavily idealized vision of Athens that we get in this speech. 25 At a more general level, Nicole Loraux suggested a parallel ...Parthenon, temple that dominates the hill of the Acropolis at Athens. It was built in the mid-5th century bce and dedicated to the Greek goddess Athena Parthenos (“Athena the Virgin”). The temple is generally considered to be the culmination of the development of the Doric order, the simplest of the three Classical Greek architectural orders.Published in Educational Gerontology (Vol. 43, No. 9, 2017)Also keep in mind that once a cloud begins to develop in a parcel, just enough water vapor will condense into liquid water so that the air in the parcel remains saturated (relative humidity = 100% and the dew point temperature equals the air temperature inside the parcel). Now we add the concept of stability.Plato was born in Athens, Greece in the year 428 B.C. towards the end of what is known as the Golden Age of Pericles Athens. Having been born into a socially elite family, with noble Athenian ...The concept of “ Shakespeare’s late romances ” (and, yes, that’s a thing) has been the subject of much critical exploration and debate. But his last four major plays (and in this, my placement of Coriolanus after Pericles may be generically, if not chronologically, incorrect) seem to massage Fletcher’s definition and defining elements ...1. Why do you think the concept of a merciful God is so prevalent in the sacred texts of the Abrahamic faiths? I think that the concept of a merciful God is so prevalent in the sacred texts of the Abrahamic faiths because I believe that people want to show that God is merciful and will forgive your sins if you ask. It reinforces the concept that man's responsibility is to create his own reality. It supports the idea that man is truly in control of his own thoughts and actions. It supports the belief that man is controlled by the environment and society. It reinforces the notion that man views himself based on how others view him. Sep 10, 2018 · The concept of economic self-sufficiency features prominently in many international organisations’ publications (e.g. Hetling et al. 2016).The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), for example, provides an aggregate-level definition of self-sufficiency, which concentrates on the “extent of participation in the economy and society and how well individuals are able to ... Published in Educational Gerontology (Vol. 43, No. 9, 2017)Instability in the atmosphere is a concept that is intimately connected with thunderstorms, cumulus development, and vertical motion. In order to visualize the concept of stability, you might imagine a boulder sitting at the bottom of a canyon surrounded by steep hills, as depicted in the figure below by the blue circle.In their daily business, REALTORS®support the fundamental concept that many persons owning small parcels of land is vital to the efficient functioning of our democracy. Troubleshooting Questions/SuggestionsInstability in the atmosphere is a concept that is intimately connected with thunderstorms, cumulus development, and vertical motion. In order to visualize the concept of stability, you might imagine a boulder sitting at the bottom of a canyon surrounded by steep hills, as depicted in the figure below by the blue circle. The answer is NONHOMOGENEITY. Uniqueness, or nonhomogeneity, is the concept that no two parcels of property are exactly the same or in the same location. The characteristics of each property, no matter how small, differ from those of every other. An individual parcel has no substitute because each is unique. 1.1 THE NOTION OF PUBLISH OR PERISH. ‘Publish or perish’ (POP) is a phrase that describes the pressure put on academics to publish in scholarly journals rapidly and continually as a condition for employment (finding a job), promotion, and even maintaining one’s job. In the Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable, ‘publish or perish’ is ...May 20, 2022 · The ancient Greeks were the first to create a democracy. The word “ democracy ” comes from two Greek words that mean people ( demos) and rule ( kratos ). Democracy is the idea that the citizens of a country should take an active role in the government of their country and manage it directly or through elected representatives. Departure: 1. The Call to Adventure. 2. The Refusal of the Call. 3. Introduction of Supernatural Aid. 4. Crossing the ThresholdSolon (in 594 BC), Cleisthenes (in 508–07 BC), and Ephialtes (in 462 BC) contributed to the development of Athenian democracy. Cleisthenes broke up the unlimited power of the nobility by organizing citizens into ten groups based on where they lived, rather than on their wealth. [5] It was in the Homeric Period, also known as “The Age of Homer,” between 850 B.C. and 650 B.C., that an evolution in forms of government from monarchy to oligarchy, and tyranny to eventual democracy, began in ancient Greece. Homer was the major figure of ancient Greek literature and the author of the earliest epic poems, the Iliad and the ...a) Identification or adjudication of boundaries and the legal status of parcels, including lease rights, mortgages, and easements or servitudes. b) Delimitation of important environmental areas. c) Determination of the value of parcels. d) Handling of objections related to boundaries, ownership and valuations. 4.The concept of freedom is at the heart of the conflicts and debates in the United States after the end of the Civil War and the ending of slavery. Before watching the video to learn about the ways that many Americans sought to define freedom in the 1860s, ask students to pause and reflect on what freedom means to them.Jul 26, 2023 · Nonetheless, the concept of ostracism exemplified Pericles’ commitment to preserving Athenian democracy and preventing any individual from becoming too powerful. 7. Implemented fiscal reforms. Pericles introduced several fiscal reforms that had a significant impact on Athens’ financial stability and the functioning of its democracy. Step 1: Determine your value metric. A “value metric” is essentially what you charge for. For example: per seat, per 1,000 visits, per CPA, per GB used, per transaction, etc. If you get everything else wrong in pricing, but you get your value metric right, you'll do ok. It's that important. Anaxagoras (/ ˌ æ n æ k ˈ s æ ɡ ə r ə s /; Greek: Ἀναξαγόρας, Anaxagóras, "lord of the assembly"; c. 500 – c. 428 BC) was a Pre-Socratic Greek philosopher.Born in Clazomenae at a time when Asia Minor was under the control of the Persian Empire, Anaxagoras came to Athens. The concept of economic self-sufficiency features prominently in many international organisations’ publications (e.g. Hetling et al. 2016).The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), for example, provides an aggregate-level definition of self-sufficiency, which concentrates on the “extent of participation in the economy and society and how well individuals are able to ...concepts are empirically meaningful only if they contain schematic possibilities for their application to sensible experience. Further, the imagery which makes possible the application of a concept cannot be abstracted out from sense experience but rather must be provided before meaningful perceptual content can emerge within experience.31 Jun 2, 2022 · Socrates. Socrates was one of the most prominent ancient Greek philosophers. Socrates spent the majority of his life asking questions, always in search of the truth. He is responsible for developing what is known as the Socratic method, a technique still used by professors in law schools today. Instead of lecturing the students, professors will ... Sep 30, 2021 · Plato was born in Athens, Greece in the year 428 B.C. towards the end of what is known as the Golden Age of Pericles Athens. Having been born into a socially elite family, with noble Athenian ... concepts are empirically meaningful only if they contain schematic possibilities for their application to sensible experience. Further, the imagery which makes possible the application of a concept cannot be abstracted out from sense experience but rather must be provided before meaningful perceptual content can emerge within experience.31 The concept of economic self-sufficiency features prominently in many international organisations’ publications (e.g. Hetling et al. 2016).The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), for example, provides an aggregate-level definition of self-sufficiency, which concentrates on the “extent of participation in the economy and society and how well individuals are able to ...Sep 4, 2023 · democracy, literally, rule by the people. The term is derived from the Greek dēmokratia, which was coined from dēmos (“people”) and kratos (“rule”) in the middle of the 5th century bce to denote the political systems then existing in some Greek city-states, notably Athens. (Read Madeleine Albright’s Britannica essay on democracy.) 3. WHAT IS LAND CONSOLIDATION. 3.1 Land consolidation is sometimes incorrectly interpreted to be only the simple reallocation of parcels to remove effects of fragmentation. In reality, land consolidation has been associated with broader social and economic reforms from the time of its earliest applications in Western Europe. It was in the Homeric Period, also known as “The Age of Homer,” between 850 B.C. and 650 B.C., that an evolution in forms of government from monarchy to oligarchy, and tyranny to eventual democracy, began in ancient Greece. Homer was the major figure of ancient Greek literature and the author of the earliest epic poems, the Iliad and the ...Hence we read in Luke 19:10, "The Son of man is come to seek and to save that which was lost (apollumi). Man by nature was on the road which leadeth to destruction. The primary meaning "perish," or "destroy," becomes changed in the transition of language to the derived and secondary meaning "lost."Jan 22, 2017 · The concept of “ Shakespeare’s late romances ” (and, yes, that’s a thing) has been the subject of much critical exploration and debate. But his last four major plays (and in this, my placement of Coriolanus after Pericles may be generically, if not chronologically, incorrect) seem to massage Fletcher’s definition and defining elements ... The state, according to him, is an organism. The following example explains the concept of state as an organism. Hand is a part of the human body, and if the body is destroyed, there is nothing called a hand. A hand, so to say, is recognized by its functions or end or purpose, that is, to grasp things. May 22, 2023 · Since Athens is considered the birthplace of democracy, the ancient Greek politician Pericles must be considered its father. By any measure, he was without a doubt the first great statesman in the entire world, making Athens a model city-state worthy of emulation by all the others. Pericles led Athens from 461 to 429 BC in a period historians ... common good, that which benefits society as a whole, in contrast to the private good of individuals and sections of society. From the era of the ancient Greek city-states through contemporary political philosophy, the idea of the common good has pointed toward the possibility that certain goods, such as security and justice, can be achieved ...This maxim is based upon his pragmatic construal of thought itself. "The whole function of thought is to produce habits of action" (5.400). This construal derives in turn from his conception of beliefs as habits of action, and a conception of human inquiry as a project of fixation of belief in the face of doubt. Over time, through numerous translations and with the introduction of the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, this concept would slowly morph and shorten into the phrase engraved across the white marble façade of the Supreme Court Building: Equal Justice Under Law.Al-Ghazali teaches us the following about achieving true happiness: Happiness comes from Self-Knowledge, the knowledge that we have a heart or spirit that is originally perfect but has become obscured by passions and desires. Happiness depends on our faculties: if we exercise our higher faculties (like Reason, Imagination), we will be happier ...In the Old Testament, what we would call the soul is really more like what we would call the breath. When God creates Adam, he creates him out of earth, and then he breathes life into him. The ...Dec 17, 2021 · Hence we read in Luke 19:10, "The Son of man is come to seek and to save that which was lost (apollumi). Man by nature was on the road which leadeth to destruction. The primary meaning "perish," or "destroy," becomes changed in the transition of language to the derived and secondary meaning "lost." This moral indifference leads astray modern politics into pettiness. In this sense, it is essential to recover the transcendental role of virtue in politics. To Aristotle, only the concept of virtue can give a republic substantial justice in addition to procedural justice and free individual human rights from the political interests.Jul 26, 2023 · Nonetheless, the concept of ostracism exemplified Pericles’ commitment to preserving Athenian democracy and preventing any individual from becoming too powerful. 7. Implemented fiscal reforms. Pericles introduced several fiscal reforms that had a significant impact on Athens’ financial stability and the functioning of its democracy. Jun 19, 2023 · Service perishability is a term used to describe the finite nature of services because, unlike goods that can be stored and reused over time, services cannot be stored in inventory for future use. Once a service has been consumed, it is gone and cannot be reused. This means that once the service is delivered, it cannot be returned or refunded. Which of the following is true about constitutional monarchies? The monarch acts according to the democratic process. A monarchy is an example of which type of government? Unitary. What American approach to foreign policy evolved from the European political system known as mercantilism? Dollar Diplomacy. May 5, 2013 · The chronotope has proved to be a valuable tool of literary analysis, despite the fact that it is far from clear what Bakhtin actually meant by the concept, and that consequently it has been understood and used in a wide range of different ways. Bakhtin does not use the term ‘chronotope’ before the mid-1930s. May 20, 2022 · The ancient Greeks were the first to create a democracy. The word “ democracy ” comes from two Greek words that mean people ( demos) and rule ( kratos ). Democracy is the idea that the citizens of a country should take an active role in the government of their country and manage it directly or through elected representatives. This essay explores the disturbing themes of incest and cannibalism in two of the late plays, Pericles and The Tragedy of King Lear, which has not historically been considered as a romance. Its presentation of the incest theme is much less flagrant than in Pericles, nevertheless it is interesting to consider them in parallel, and whether King ...Anaxagoras (/ ˌ æ n æ k ˈ s æ ɡ ə r ə s /; Greek: Ἀναξαγόρας, Anaxagóras, "lord of the assembly"; c. 500 – c. 428 BC) was a Pre-Socratic Greek philosopher.Born in Clazomenae at a time when Asia Minor was under the control of the Persian Empire, Anaxagoras came to Athens. democracy, literally, rule by the people. The term is derived from the Greek dēmokratia, which was coined from dēmos (“people”) and kratos (“rule”) in the middle of the 5th century bce to denote the political systems then existing in some Greek city-states, notably Athens. (Read Madeleine Albright’s Britannica essay on democracy.)The details from the text that can best explain the consequences of denying people the right to asset their own free will are B. "For human beings are not so c…Hence we read in Luke 19:10, "The Son of man is come to seek and to save that which was lost (apollumi). Man by nature was on the road which leadeth to destruction. The primary meaning "perish," or "destroy," becomes changed in the transition of language to the derived and secondary meaning "lost."Step 1: Determine your value metric. A “value metric” is essentially what you charge for. For example: per seat, per 1,000 visits, per CPA, per GB used, per transaction, etc. If you get everything else wrong in pricing, but you get your value metric right, you'll do ok. It's that important.The Parthenon is considered the most important surviving building of classical Greece and the zenith of Doric Order architecture. It is a former temple on the Athenian Acropolis dedicated to the patron goddess of Athens, Athena. Construction began on the Parthenon in 447 BCE, when the Athenian Empire was at its peak.This concept is denoted by [depot>van>micro>bike>aHome]. Another recent concept is parcel delivery by unmanned aerial vehicles, also called drones, which leave their parcels, for instance, on the balcony during unattended home delivery. This last-mile concept can be briefly denoted by the following chain: [depot>drone>uHome].Wallg 49 IN belligerents. the war waxed and waned, and waxed and waned, like a fever (or a plague, thucydides might say) because of a clash of policies that made it impos-Social Science Law Civil Law Real property and the law: unit 2 Term 1 / 184 The concept that no two parcels of property are exactly the same or in the same location is called Click the card to flip 👆 Definition 1 / 184 nonhomogeneity. Click the card to flip 👆 Flashcards Learn Test Match Created by isabella_moseley Terms in this set (184) 2. How is mercy, connected with the concept of atonement and ultimate salvation in the Abrahamic faiths? The idea of Jesus dying on the cross relates to this question. He died on the cross to forgive all sins which was the ultimate salvation and therefore his salvation allowed humans to begin the process of atonement.Plato was born in Athens, Greece in the year 428 B.C. towards the end of what is known as the Golden Age of Pericles Athens. Having been born into a socially elite family, with noble Athenian ...Concept. A concept is defined as an abstract idea. It is understood to be a fundamental building block underlying principles, thoughts and beliefs. [1] Concepts play an important role in all aspects of cognition. [2] [3] As such, concepts are studied within such disciplines as linguistics, psychology, and philosophy, and these disciplines are ...Step 1: Determine your value metric. A “value metric” is essentially what you charge for. For example: per seat, per 1,000 visits, per CPA, per GB used, per transaction, etc. If you get everything else wrong in pricing, but you get your value metric right, you'll do ok. It's that important. May 2, 2018 · This moral indifference leads astray modern politics into pettiness. In this sense, it is essential to recover the transcendental role of virtue in politics. To Aristotle, only the concept of virtue can give a republic substantial justice in addition to procedural justice and free individual human rights from the political interests. This maxim is based upon his pragmatic construal of thought itself. "The whole function of thought is to produce habits of action" (5.400). This construal derives in turn from his conception of beliefs as habits of action, and a conception of human inquiry as a project of fixation of belief in the face of doubt. This piece is a funeral oratory, a speech written to honor fallen Athenian heroes at the end of the first year of the Peloponnesian War. At such a time of high emotions and patriotism – Pericles has not one theme but several. The first theme, fitting in that the speech was given at a funeral for war heroes, is that the most valiant way a man ...May 20, 2022 · The ancient Greeks were the first to create a democracy. The word “ democracy ” comes from two Greek words that mean people ( demos) and rule ( kratos ). Democracy is the idea that the citizens of a country should take an active role in the government of their country and manage it directly or through elected representatives.
It reinforces the concept that man's responsibility is to create his own reality. It supports the idea that man is truly in control of his own thoughts and actions. It supports the belief that man is controlled by the environment and society. It reinforces the notion that man views himself based on how others view him.. Gebruder weiss
His sermon was delivered on Sunday, February 12, 1865 within days of Congress’s adoption of the 13th Amendment banning slavery. A number of Republican leaders thought the occasion merited a public religious service to commemorate the event. They extended the invitation to Rev. Garnet. His sermon titled, “Let the Monster Perish,” appears ...Hence we read in Luke 19:10, "The Son of man is come to seek and to save that which was lost (apollumi). Man by nature was on the road which leadeth to destruction. The primary meaning "perish," or "destroy," becomes changed in the transition of language to the derived and secondary meaning "lost."The answer is NONHOMOGENEITY. Uniqueness, or nonhomogeneity, is the concept that no two parcels of property are exactly the same or in the same location. The characteristics of each property, no matter how small, differ from those of every other. An individual parcel has no substitute because each is unique. Democracy was a form of government led by the people, letting them have a say in the laws and rules that happen. in which city was democracy first developed. Athens. which Athenian leaders were responsible for the development of democracy. Solon, Peisistratus, Cleisthenes, Pericles.But above all, it is the concept of the City, at the same time an ideal utopian model and a concrete social construct, that provides the key to Plato’s “demographic” thought. Faced with the fundamental problem of power and justice, Plato proposes as a solution the restoration of harmony between the City as a political entity and the ...Equal and non-discriminatory. Article 1 of the UDHR states: “All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.”. Freedom from discrimination, set out in Article 2, is what ensures this equality. Non-discrimination cuts across all international human rights law. This principle is present in all major human rights treaties.Athenian Strategy in the Archidamian War 403 Pericles' death which could be regarded as continuations of these policies if Wade-Gery's interpretation of them is accepted, and the men responsible Apr 22, 2022 · Historically, educators in higher education (HE) were expected to educate, generate knowledge, and do community service. With some commentators arguing that an academic must ‘publish or perish’, the expectation to create knowledge through research became overemphasized. The concept is widespread in HE institutions around the world. It aids to keep staff, particularly those in universities ... The Antichrist (Full Text) Lyrics. 1. —Let us look each other in the face. We are Hyperboreans—we know well enough how remote our place is. “Neither by land nor by water will you find the ... Which of the following is true about constitutional monarchies? The monarch acts according to the democratic process. A monarchy is an example of which type of government? Unitary. What American approach to foreign policy evolved from the European political system known as mercantilism? Dollar Diplomacy. It was in the Homeric Period, also known as “The Age of Homer,” between 850 B.C. and 650 B.C., that an evolution in forms of government from monarchy to oligarchy, and tyranny to eventual democracy, began in ancient Greece. Homer was the major figure of ancient Greek literature and the author of the earliest epic poems, the Iliad and the ...Archelaus, Pericles, Socrates. Anaxagoras ( / ˌænækˈsæɡərəs /; Greek: Ἀναξαγόρας, Anaxagóras, "lord of the assembly"; c. 500 – c. 428 BC) was a Pre-Socratic Greek philosopher. Born in Clazomenae at a time when Asia Minor was under the control of the Persian Empire, Anaxagoras came to Athens. According to Diogenes Laërtius ...The Parthenon is considered the most important surviving building of classical Greece and the zenith of Doric Order architecture. It is a former temple on the Athenian Acropolis dedicated to the patron goddess of Athens, Athena. Construction began on the Parthenon in 447 BCE, when the Athenian Empire was at its peak.Solon (in 594 BC), Cleisthenes (in 508–07 BC), and Ephialtes (in 462 BC) contributed to the development of Athenian democracy. Cleisthenes broke up the unlimited power of the nobility by organizing citizens into ten groups based on where they lived, rather than on their wealth. [5] Which of the following is true about constitutional monarchies? The monarch acts according to the democratic process. A monarchy is an example of which type of government? Unitary. What American approach to foreign policy evolved from the European political system known as mercantilism? Dollar Diplomacy. Theologians who believe that the wicked will be eternally conscious are aware that the Bible uses the word “perish.”. They have a different understanding of “perish” than annihilationists do. The Bible does not define “perish.”. Some verses support the concept of complete destruction, or annihilation; other verses support the ...Wallg 49 IN belligerents. the war waxed and waned, and waxed and waned, like a fever (or a plague, thucydides might say) because of a clash of policies that made it impos-.